What are the outstanding antioxidant properties of natural astaxanthin?
Astaxanthin is a chain-breaking antioxidant with strong antioxidant effects. The body can produce a small amount of oxygen free radicals during normal life activities such as electron transfer in the respiratory chain and the oxidation of other substances in the body. When stimulated by chemical reagents, ultraviolet radiation, etc., a large amount of oxygen free radicals will be produced. These free radicals can cause lipid peroxidation, amino acid oxidation, protein degradation and DNA damage on biological membranes. They can also cause chain reactions of unsaturated fatty acids on cell membranes, thus affecting the composition of cells. Astaxanthin can not only quench singlet oxygen and directly scavenge oxygen free radicals, but also block the chain reaction of fatty acids.
Studies have found that the ability of various carotenoids to quench molecular oxygen is ranked as follows: astaxanthin>α-carotene>β-carotene>bixin>zeaxanthin>lutein>bilirubin>biliverdin.
Lee et al. compared the effects of five carotenoids and their derivatives, including lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, isozeaxanthin and astaxanthin with different numbers of conjugated double bonds, in quenching reactive oxygen species during the photooxidation of soybean oil. , found that the ability to quench reactive oxygen species increases with the increase of conjugated double bonds, and astaxanthin has the strongest quenching performance.
Some researchers have also applied the thiobarbituric acid method, using ferrous ion-containing heme protein as the free radical generator and linoleic acid as the acceptor, to detect various carotenoids and their derivatives and α-tocopherol. (VE) The half-effect dose ED50 for scavenging free radicals (see Table 1), it was also found that astaxanthin has the strongest free radical scavenging ability.
In recent years, there have been continuous studies proving that astaxanthin’s antioxidant effect is more than a hundred times stronger than α-tocopherol, and it is known as “Super VE”. At the same time, astaxanthin can effectively prevent the peroxidation of phospholipids and other lipids.
In addition, astaxanthin can also increase antioxidant enzyme activity and protein expression. Different doses of astaxanthin significantly increase the protein expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase in animal cells, and their biological activities also significantly improve.
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