Vitamin B7 Biotin

Vitamin B₇, also known as vitamin H, biotin, coenzyme R, etc., is originally a crystal separated from the egg yolk, can promote yeast growth and is called biotin, also a water-soluble vitamin.

Absorption metabolism

The main site of biotin absorption is the proximal part of the small intestine. When the concentration is low, it is actively absorbed by carrier transport; When the concentration is high, it is absorbed by simple diffusion.

The absorbed biotin circulates through the portal vein and is transported to the liver and kidney for storage. Other cells also contain biotin, but the amount is small.

Raw egg white contains avidin protein, which can bind to biotin and inhibit the absorption of biotin. The deficiency of gastric acid can reduce the absorption of biotin.

Biotin is mainly excreted in urine, and biotin is also excreted in milk, but the amount is very small.

The relationship with health

It is a cogroup of a variety of hydroxylase

Biotin is A cogroup of pyruvate hydroxylase, acetyl-coA hydroxylase, etc. It participates in the CO₂ fixation and carboxylation process in the body, and is necessary for fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

The performance is as follows:

• To help the normal synthesis and metabolism of fats, liver sugars and amino acids in the human body;

• Promote the normal operation and growth of sweat glands, nerve tissue, bone marrow, male gonads, skin and hair, relieve eczema and dermatitis symptoms;

• Relieve muscle pain;

Promote urea synthesis and excretion, purine synthesis and oleic acid biosynthesis;

• For the treatment of arteriosclerosis, stroke, lipid metabolism disorders, hypertension, coronary heart disease and blood circulation disorders;

• Pharmacological doses of biotin can lower blood sugar levels in people with type 1 diabetes.

Biotin can also regulate gene expression and histone function

Biotin is also involved in cell signaling and gene expression, and the human genome contains more than 2,000 biotin-dependent genes. Biotin can also biotinize histone proteins, which affects cell cycle, transcription, and repair of DNA damage.

Biotin and hair health

At present, biotin has been shown to benefit the hair growth of patients with biotin deficiency, but it has no effect on male baldness caused by hormone levels and genetics, so do not think that supplementing biotin preparation can prevent hair loss and reshape the hairline, it is just an additional effect, which can be seen as improving health at the same time, improve hair and skin problems.

Deficiency and excess

Lack

Biotin deficiency is mainly caused by skin, mucous membrane and nervous system damage.

In the general population, long-term biotin deficiency may lead to damage to hair, nails, skin, such as: eczema, hair loss, dry skin, peeling, keratitis, mouth ulcer, tongue inflammation, conjunctivitis, keratitis, perinetis, psoriasis, etc.

In severe cases, it causes loss of appetite, weakness of limbs, paralysis, ataxia, convulsions, depression, demyelinating disease, optic atrophy, vision and hearing loss and other neuropsychiatric damage.

Biotin deficiency can also cause the decline of cellular and humoral immune function, patients often complicated with candida, bacterial infection.

Lack of cause

Biotinase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that prevents the body from releasing free biotin and can cause a deficiency despite normal ingestion.

• Chronic alcoholism inhibits biotin absorption, and 15% of patients with chronic alcoholism have low plasma biotin concentrations.

• Chronic gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., short bowel syndrome, parenteral nutrition) resulting in biotin absorption disorders

• Improper habits: long-term consumption of raw egg white can reduce the utilization of biotin;

• Excessive use of antibiotics and preservatives leads to decreased ability of intestinal bacteria to synthesize biotin;

• Prolonged use of anti-epileptic drugs such as valproic acid, phenytoin, primidone and sedatives will also reduce the level of biotin in the blood.

Pregnant and lactating women: borderline biotin deficiency is present in at least one-third of pregnant women, despite normal biotin intake; Even when lactating women’s dietary biotin intake exceeds AI, their plasma and breast milk biotin concentrations are reduced.

Precautions

Biotin can interact with certain drugs, and some drugs may adversely affect biotin levels, such as carbamazepine, primidone, phenytoin sodium, and phenobarbital. The reason may be that anticonvulsant therapy increases biotin catabolism, leading to decreased biotin status, and intestinal biotin absorption is also inhibited.

Main food source

Biotin is widely found in natural foods, relatively abundant in cereals, nuts, egg yolks, yeast, animal offal, legumes and certain vegetables.

Reference materials:

[1] Chinese Nutrition Society. Reference intake of dietary nutrients for Chinese residents. Beijing: Science Press, 2014. [2] yan-ling Yang. Biotin with biotin enzyme deficiency [J]. Journal of clinical pediatrics, 2006, 24 (12) : 3………………….

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