Влияние королевского молока
What is queen milk
Queen milk is a white or yellowish creamy substance secreted by the lower jaw and pharyngeal glands of bees, which is the only food for queen bees during their young and adult years.
Royal jelly contains less water and four times more sugar, more protein and different concentrations of mineral salts than the food of worker bees (pollen, nectar and honey mixture).
This unique composition of royal jelly causes changes in gene expression (through epigenetic mechanisms) that lead to distinct differences in longevity and bodily function between queen and worker bees.
From a chemical point of view, royal jelly is a milky substance composed of 67% water, 16% sugar, 12.5% protein and amino acids, and 5% fat. In addition, it contains about 1.5% mineral salts (mainly copper, zinc, iron, calcium, manganese, potassium and sodium) and small amounts of flavonoids, polyphenols and vitamins (biotin, folate, inositol, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, vitamin E).
What are the recommended empirical effects of queen bee milk
Queen bee milk lowers cholesterol
Cholesterol is an important component of cell membranes and steroid hormones, and the body synthesizes most of the cholesterol it needs, with the rest coming from the diet.
Because cholesterol is insoluble in the blood, it wraps itself with proteins and phospholipids to form lipoprotein complexes that circulate in the blood, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), and chylomicrons.
The American Heart Association (AHA) estimates that more than 100 million Americans have high cholesterol levels (>200 mg/dL), and 34 million of them need further treatment.
A randomized, placebo-controlled study (3 months) in 40 patients with mild hypercholesterolemia showed that oral queen bee milk significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels.
In addition, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels did not change significantly.
Queen bee milk may have positive effects on cholesterol regulation, but due to the small sample size, more studies are needed to confirm it.
Queen milk promotes health
Health, as defined by the World Health Organization, is a state of complete physical, social and mental health, not merely the absence of disease or weakness.
Proper nutrition is necessary for growth, development, physical activity, reproduction, breastfeeding, recovery from illness and injury, and health throughout the life cycle.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of 61 healthy adults for 6 months found that consumption of queen bee milk (100 ml daily) improved mental health (as measured by the SF-36 scale) compared with non-consumption. It can also improve the number of red blood cells, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose, insulin production index, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone values.
Intake of queen bee milk can improve red blood cell production, glucose tolerance and mental health, and may be potentially helpful for health promotion.
Queen bee milk is beneficial for blood sugar control
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic syndrome manifested by high blood sugar, and since there is no proven treatment, it must be treated with regular injections of insulin and related drugs on the basis of careful monitoring of blood sugar levels.
Maintaining blood sugar control is essential for patients’ quality of life and avoids serious secondary complications such as microvascular and macrovascular changes in diabetic neuropathy, kidney disease and retinopathy.
A systematic review and Meta-Analysis (five randomized controlled trials with 335 participants) showed that oral queen bee milk reduced fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, but the extent was not statistically significant.
Oral queen bee milk does not significantly help blood glucose control, but due to methodological issues and potential interfering factors of the included studies, more studies are needed to confirm its clinical benefit
Queen bee milk is beneficial for systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that can affect all ages, ethnicities, and genders, but more than 90% of new SLE patients are women of reproductive age.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by multisystem microvascular inflammation that produces a large number of autoantibodies, especially antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Common symptoms include: fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, headache, appetite, and weight loss, which can lead to nephritis, nervous system problems, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
An open-label study (12 weeks of 20 children with systemic lupus erythematosus) showed that oral fresh queen bee milk (2 g daily), in addition to improving SLEDAI, helped increase CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells, and reduced apoptotic CD4 T lymphocytes.
* CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells are associated with peripheral immune tolerance, and low levels may lead to autoimmune diseases
* Increased apoptosis of lymphocytes is also one of the pathogenesis factors of SLE
Oral queen bee milk can help improve clinical severity scores and related disease biomarkers, and may be positive for disease control, but limited by small samples, more large-scale randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm clinical benefits.
Queen bee milk improves PMS
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by a series of physical and psychological discomfort (between 30% and 80%) that begins during the premenstrual period.
Common symptoms include swollen limbs, gastrointestinal problems (loss of appetite) headaches, anxiety, depression, fatigue, edema, joint pain, muscle pain, back pain, breast tenderness, etc., and these symptoms often vary greatly from person to person or time, and even affect family, social or work in severe cases.
The cause of PMS is still widely debated, but the biggest factor is hormonal fluctuations, and other neurotransmitters, prostaglandins, stress, age, diet, medications, marital status and lifestyle also play a role, so it is difficult to treat the symptoms.
A randomized, triple-blind placebo-controlled trial (a 2-month trial of 110 female college students with PMS who did not have reproductive disorders or use painkillers) found that oral queen bee milk (1000 mg daily) helped improve PMS scores compared to 1.20 in the placebo group, without any side effects.
Oral royal jelly capsules can help reduce the severity of PMS, but due to the small sample size and short execution period, further large-scale, high-quality trials are needed to support this.
Queen milk improves menopausal symptoms
Menopause refers to the gradual cessation of the menstrual cycle, which occurs between the ages of 40 and 50, mainly caused by estrogen and lutein changes, and is roughly divided into three stages: (a period before complete menopause), (complete menopause), and post-menopause.
Most of the major menopausal symptoms occur 8 to 10 years before the official menopause. Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, difficulty falling asleep, memory problems, vaginal dryness, headaches, heart palpitations, joint stiffness and urinary incontinence
It is estimated that up to 85% of women will experience symptoms related to menopause during their lifetime
A 12-week, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of 42 healthy postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms who were not taking any menopausal medications noted that:
Oral Queen bee milk capsules (800 mg daily) helped to improve anxiety, back pain, and low back pain (as measured by the menopause Symptom questionnaire).
The underlying mechanism may be related to the estrogen receptor β-regulating properties of fatty acids (such as 10HDA and 10HDAA) contained in queen bee milk, promoting serotonin production and increasing blood flow
Oral queen bee milk may help relieve menopausal symptoms, especially anxiety, back pain and low back pain, but limited by small sample size, more studies are needed to further verify
Queen bee milk improves cancer-related fatigue
Cancer fatigue is defined primarily as a persistent, subjective feeling of exhaustion related to cancer or cancer treatment that is not commensurate with recent activities and interferes with normal functioning (including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or biotherapy).
In most studies, 30 to 60 percent of patients report moderate to severe fatigue during treatment, which in some cases can lead to treatment interruption and can persist for up to 10 years after cancer diagnosis, with negative effects on work, social relationships, mood, and daily activities.
A randomized, double-blind, 4-week controlled trial of 52 cancer patients receiving hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or radiation showed that the use of queen bee milk and honey significantly improved cancer fatigue compared to a control group receiving only honey.
The underlying mechanism may be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties of queen bee milk.
For fatigue caused by cancer treatment, oral royal bee milk and honey may bring relief effects, but due to the small sample size and short intervention period, long-term large-scale trials are still needed to further verify.
Queen bee milk is good for dry eyes
Dry eye is a multifactorial tear and ocular surface disease associated with lack or excessive evaporation of tears, resulting in burning, photophobia, watery eyes, and gritty feelings. Although this condition rarely leads to vision loss, it can reduce quality of life when symptoms occur.
In epidemiological studies, prevalence ranges from 7.4% to 33.7%, depending on the definition and diagnosis of the disease, as well as the population, geographical location, climate and other conditions investigated
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week study of 43 patients with dry eye showed that oral queen bee milk lozenges (1200 mg x6 daily) improved tear secretion, especially in subjects with a Schirmer baseline value of 10 mm or less.
The underlying mechanism may be related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of queen bee milk, the increase of ATP, mitochondrial function and phosphorylation of AMPK
For patients with dry eye, intake of queen bee milk can help increase tear secretion, which is positive for the improvement of disease condition, but more large-scale trials are needed to further verify
Queen bee milk is beneficial for oral mucositis
Oral mucositis is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancers (such as oral, nasopharyngeal and esophageal cancers), which occurs in about 15-40% of patients with chemotherapy and nearly 100% with radiation therapy.
The main symptoms of oral mucositis are mucosal tissue ulcers, leading to pain, dysphagia, speech disorders, and even bacterial infection, leading to serious complications such as sepsis
One study (sample size: 13) found that prophylactic use of queen bee milk helped reduce the incidence of oral mucositis caused by radiation and chemotherapy for cancer.
At the end of radiotherapy, grade 3 oral mucositis was observed in only 71.4% of queen bee milk users, compared with 100% of the control group.
Queen bee milk improves skin aging
90% of human skin is made up of collagen, which can maintain skin elasticity and fullness. However, after the age of 25, collagen is gradually lost and the symptoms of early aging appear.
After women reach menopause, the lack of estrogen will cause skin aging, wrinkles and dry skin problems such as loss of elasticity.
Although estrogen replacement therapy can bring significant improvement in skin aging problems, the long-term cancer risk of its use is often daunting.
An animal study of oestrogen-deficient mice after oophorectomy found that queen bee milk helps increase the collagen production of skin cells and may act as a natural ingredient to combat skin aging (with cosmetic benefits).
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