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Chlorogenic acid is an organic compound, chemical formula C16H18O9, is one of the main antibacterial and antiviral pharmacological components of honeysuckle. Semi-hydrates are acicular crystals (water). At 110℃, it becomes anhydrous. The solubility in 25℃ water is 4%, and the solubility in hot water is greater. Soluble in ethanol and acetone, very slightly soluble in ethyl acetate.
Alias: cafetannic acid
Source: The bud of the natural plant honeysuckle.
Properties: brown fine powder
CAS Number: 327-97-9
Molecular formula: C16H18O9
Molecular weight: 354.30
Cardiovascular protective effect
Oxygen free radicals are one of the important factors that cause endothelial damage, and a large number of experiments have proved that chlorogen is a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, which can protect vascular endothelial cells by scavenging oxygen free radicals and anti-lipid peroxidation, and thus have an effective protective effect on the cardiovascular system. The study found that chlorogenic acid can play a protective role in cardiomyocytes.
Antioxidant effect
The active hydroxyl group in the chlorogenic acid molecule can form hydrogen free radicals with antioxidant effects, thereby eliminating the activity of hydroxyl free radicals and protecting tissues from oxidative damage. It may be related to the fact that chlorogenic acid can inhibit the formation of 8-OH-dG when DNA is attacked by reactive oxygen species.
Studies have shown that chlorogenic acid has the effect of scavenging free radicals, and the scavenging effect is dose-dependent with its concentration.
Anti-ultraviolet and anti-radiation effects
Studies have found that natural polyphenols represented by chlorogenic acid can protect collagen from free radical damage such as reactive oxygen species, and effectively prevent ultraviolet rays from harming human skin. There are currently a number of European patents for the addition of chlorogenic acid for use in skin sunscreens and shampoos, which have a certain effect on radiation resistance.
Anti-mutagenesis and anticancer effects
A large number of experiments have proved that chlorogenic acid has anti-mutagenesis and anticancer effects. For example, chlorogenic acid in vegetables and fruits can inhibit the mutability of carcinogens aflatoxins B1 and benzo [a] pyrene by inhibiting the activation enzyme; Chlorogenic acid can cause tumor cells to produce large DNA fragments and lead to nuclear agglutination under alkaline environment. Chlorogenic acid can inhibit the increase of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) induced by 4-nitroquinolin-1-oxide (4NQO), which is an important substance in the process of carcinogenesis and cellular oxidative stress. Chlorogenic acid can also reduce the utilization rate of carcinogens and their transport in the liver to achieve the effect of cancer prevention and anticancer.
Antibacterial and antiviral effects
In terms of antibacterial activity, the current research generally believes that chlorogenic acid has good anti-staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Legionella and other bacteria. For example, the antibacterial experiment on chlorogenic acid extract from honeylonle found that chlorogenic acid has good anti-staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli activity.
In addition to anti-Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, chlorogenic acid in tobacco was also found to have inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis. The antimicrobial mechanism may be related to the non-competitive inhibition of arylamine acetyltransferase in bacteria. In the aspect of antiviral, it was found that chlorogenic acid obtained from Strigoi extract has inhibitory effect on influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus.
Lipid lowering effect
Studies have shown that oral chlorogenic acid has a tendency to reduce visceral fat accumulation and body fat volume in rats. Intravenous administration of chlorogenic acid at 5mg /mL for 3 weeks reduced plasma cholesterol and triglyceride by 44%, respectively. Studies have found that honeysuckle extract can reduce serum and liver tissue.
Anti-leukemia effect
The inhibitory effect of chlorogenic acid on leukemia cells was studied. It was found that the proliferation of bcr-abl positive leukemia cell line K562 cells was selectively inhibited by sodium chlorogenic acid stored at -20 ℃. However, sodium chlorogenic acid stored at 4 ℃ enhanced the proliferation inhibition of BCR-ABL-positive leukemia cell line K562, and also inhibited the proliferation of BCR-ABL-negative Jurkat cells. Chlorogenic acid was found to inhibit human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells when it was screened for antitumor activity of phenolic compounds from Rattan rattan.
Immune regulation
It was found that chlorogenic acid significantly affected the levels of NF-γ and TNF-α in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) supernatant and intestinal laminae propria lymphocytes (LPL) supernatant. In vitro studies have shown that chlorogenic acid can significantly enhance the proliferation of T cells induced by influenza virus antigen, and can induce the production of IFN-γ and IFN-α by human lymphocytes and human peripheral blood leukocytes.
In addition, chlorogenic acid can also increase the levels of IgE, IgG1 and IL-4 in rats. Chlorogenic acid can enhance the function of macrophages. Therefore, chlorogenic acid has certain immunomodulatory ability.
Hypoglycemic effect
The hypoglycemic pharmacodynamics of chlorogenic acid were studied, and it was found that chlorogenic acid crude extract could effectively reduce blood glucose of alloxan diabetic mice, and there was no significant difference in blood glucose values between high, medium and low dose groups after administration, indicating that the drug was not dose-dependent. However, it had no significant effect on blood sugar of normal mice. The extract of honeysuckle can reduce the blood sugar of mice with sucrose hyperglycemia and mice with alloxan diabetes.
In addition, the study also showed that there was no statistical difference between the hypoglycemic effect of chlorogenic acid and glibenclamide within 3 h. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate displacement enzyme and glucose absorption.
Other
In addition to the above many pharmacological activities, chlorogenic acids also have anti-inflammatory activity, and chlorogenic acids have been reported to play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the activity of hyaluronidase (HAase). In addition, chlorogenic acid has the effect of protecting liver and gallbladder and relieving spasm.
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