Phellodendron Extract Berberine hydrochloride and blood lipids
Phellodendron Extract Berberine hydrochloride is the main component of berberine. Yes, it’s the berberine that you keep at home and eat when you have a bad stomach. In recent years, berberine hydrochloride has been found to have potential application value in diabetes control, cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, tumor treatment and so on. This note records the role of berberine hydrochloride in lipid regulation.
Many studies have confirmed that Phellodendron Extract berberine has a lipid-lowering effect, which can reduce serum total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TG). Kong et al. found that in 32 patients with high cholesterol, oral berberine hydrochloride tablets, 0.5g/time, twice/day, after 3 months of treatment, the levels of serum TC, TG and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) can be reduced by 29%, 35% and 25%, respectively, indicating that berberine has an ideal lipid-lowering effect. Wu Lingen et al. used berberine and simvastatin for lipid-lowering treatment in 68 patients with hyperlipidemia respectively, and were followed up for 2 to 18 months. The TC lowering effect of berberine was similar in the two groups, and the TG lowering effect was more effective than simvastatin, and the difference before and after treatment between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01).
The mechanism of Phellodendron Extract berberine regulating blood lipids is more complex, mainly in the following aspects:
1. Phellodendron Extract Berberine can enhance the expression of LDLR protein, which is widely distributed on the surface of cell membranes of tissues such as liver and arterial wall cells. It can regulate the endocytosis of LDL, ingests extracellular cholesterol into cells, and reduces LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma. Thus, atherosclerosis caused by lipid deposition of vascular endothelium can be avoided.
2, studies have found that oral berberine can increase the level of serum bile acid, which is the final metabolite of cholesterol in the liver. That is, berberine reduces cholesterol by promoting the conversion of serum cholesterol to bile acid.
3. Phellodendron Extract Berberine can regulate the structure of intestinal flora, increase the proportion of beneficial bacteria, and reduce the storage of TG in adipose tissue.
4. Phellodendron Extract Berberine hydrochloride can increase the expression of adiponectin and AdipoR2 mRNA in serum, but does not affect the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA in liver. Adiponectin is a protein secreted by adipocytes, which has been discovered in recent years and has anti-inflammatory, endothelial integrity protection, and anti-atherosclerosis effects. In terms of regulating lipid metabolism, adiponectin levels are negatively correlated with TG, TC, LDL-C, etc., and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). For every 10 μg/mL increase of adiponectin, HDL-C increased by 0.13 mmol/L and TG decreased by 0.39 mmol/L. At present, two kinds of adiponectin receptors have been found, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. AdipoR1 is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, while AdipoR2 is mainly expressed in liver.
5. Phellodendron Extract Berberine activates AMPK and converts AMPK into phosphorylated ACC, resulting in decreased fatty acid synthesis, inhibition of cholesterol and triacylglycerol synthesis, and promotion of fatty acid oxidation in the liver and inhibition of lipoformation, as well as decreased uptake of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), thereby inhibiting foam cell formation. Kim et al. showed that berberine can promote fatty acid oxidation and reduce the content of triacylglycerol and cholesterol in liver and plasma not only through activation of peripheral AMPK, but also through nerve signal transduction in the central nervous system.
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