Taking dietary supplements is effective in preventing chronic diseases
In addition to the three elements of soil, water and sunlight, plant growth also requires an appropriate amount of trace elements in the soil. It’s the same with humans. Human health requires not only macronutrients such as fats, carbohydrates and proteins, but also essential minerals, vitamins and other micronutrients. Historically, most discussions and studies involving diet and disease have focused on macronutrients. Based on recent research, researchers are increasingly convinced that micronutrients are essential for all metabolic and developmental processes in the human body. Surveys of the U.S. consumer market reflect this judgment, with annual spending on vitamins and dietary supplements hovering around $20 billion in recent years. On the other hand, too little attention has been paid to the importance of adequate micronutrients in the diet. In today’s society, processed carbohydrates and fatty foods are inexpensive and provide energy while containing almost no micronutrients. At the same time, borderline deficiencies of vitamins and minerals (nutrient intakes that do not meet dietary recommendations but do not yet cause significant clinical symptoms) are widespread, including in developed countries, including the United States.
As early as 2006, the National Center for Medical Research in the United States held a special conference on the scientific research Progress of vitamin and mineral supplements and chronic disease prevention. Dr. Bruce Ames, from the University of California, gave a presentation on the role of micronutrients in the prevention of chronic diseases. Based on Dr. Eames’ report and the latest research results, this article introduces the relationship between micronutrients and chronic disease prevention.
Expert information
Dr. Bruce Ames is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and a senior investigator at the Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Center. He has served on the Board of Trustees of the National Cancer Research Center and the National Cancer Advisory Board, and has received numerous awards such as the National Award of Science. He has published more than 450 academic articles and is one of the most cited scientists in the world.
Be vigilant – Micronutrient deficiency can be a “short board” of health
The famous “bucket theory” is also known as the “short board theory”, that is, if a wooden bucket has a long board and a short board, the amount of water that the barrel holds depends not on the length of the long board, but on the height of the shortest board. The barrel theory applies to health as well. Survey data show that obesity and overweight are becoming increasingly prominent in both developed and developing countries, while “hidden hunger” characterized by micronutrient deficiencies is also widespread. This reflects a shift in dietary patterns: too much of energy-providing nutrients such as fat and carbohydrates, and not enough of micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Micronutrients, such as minerals and vitamins, are like weaknesses in human health.
If the board is too short, it will affect the overall health level. Relevant research also supports this idea more firmly. When micronutrients are insufficient in the human body, the body will give priority to maintaining metabolic processes required for short-term survival, such as basic energy metabolism. Instead, metabolic processes needed to maintain long-term health, such as DNA protection and antioxidant defenses, are weakened or stopped.
Marginal deficiencies of micronutrients usually do not cause acute clinical symptoms, but the failure to meet the recommended daily intake is likely to cause significant chronic metabolic damage, which may lead to some chronic diseases. Let’s take a look at the dangers of micronutrient deficiencies.
●DNA breakage and oxidative damage Research by Dr. Eames’ research group has shown that deficiencies in micronutrients, including vitamins C, E, B12, B6, niacin, folic acid, iron, and zinc, can cause DNA breakage and oxidative damage in human cells. Tests by Dr. Ames and other researchers have shown that a deficiency of folic acid, vitamin B6 or vitamin B12 can lead to the insertion of abnormal components of DNA, which can cause chromosome breakage. Vegetables and fruits are rich in folic acid, and a large number of studies have confirmed that folic acid deficiency can increase the risk of many types of cancer. Zinc deficiency can cause a series of changes in human cells, such as oxidative DNA damage, so that certain zinc-containing enzymes and tumor suppressors can not be activated, the DNA repair process is blocked, and the risk of cancer is increased.
Accelerate aging process
Mitochondria are the most important structures involved in energy metabolism in human cells. Mitochondrial decay is one of the main causes of aging and chronic diseases. Mitochondrial aging is often accompanied by an increase in the production of oxidants, resulting in oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids on the mitochondrial membrane, and further lead to the deterioration of mitochondrial, cell and multiple organs including the brain. Metabolically active substances with hematin as the core can reduce the production of oxidants. The synthesis of hematin is mainly carried out in mitochondria. Iron, zinc, copper, biotin and other micronutrients are essential nutrients for the synthesis of hematin in mitochondria. It can be seen that micronutrient deficiency can lead to mitochondrial damage and decline by affecting the synthesis of hematin.
From the fetus in the third trimester of pregnancy to the 2-year-old child, the brain development process is very rapid. During this period, human nerve cells continue to mature and trillions of neural connections are formed. These highly active processes of change require the support of large amounts of micronutrients. Studies have found that insufficient intake of many micronutrients, such as iron, n-3 fatty acids, and choline, during development can lead to permanent cognitive impairment.
Take a dietary supplement for micronutrients – simple and easy
The findings have strong warning implications because even in developed countries such as the United States, it is very common for certain micronutrient intakes to be less than 50 percent of the recommended daily amount. Especially in the obese population, micronutrient deficiency has become a common phenomenon. At the same time, people who eat less fruits and vegetables have a relatively increased risk of developing chronic diseases such as cancer. Although countries have recommended adequate intake of fruits and vegetables in various ways, most adults and adolescents do not meet the recommended intake levels. In fact, it is not an easy thing to obtain sufficient nutrients by adjusting the dietary structure. The United States has made efforts for more than 20 years, but the improvement of residents’ diet is still not satisfactory. As a result, people think of using fortified foods to improve the nutrition of the population, but it is still difficult to meet people’s different needs for various nutrients, such as menstruating women need more iron than elderly women or men, and the elderly have different needs for vitamins and other nutrients than young people.
In contrast, it is easier for the public to ensure adequate nutrition and maintain good health by taking multivitamin and mineral supplements.
Studies have shown that multivitamin and mineral supplements can improve human health, including reducing cancer, cataracts and heart disease, and improving immune function, especially in people with insufficient micronutrient intake.
A number of authoritative studies have confirmed that trace elements can be good
A 1-year randomized, double-blind controlled trial at the College of North Carolina in the United States showed that among people who took multivitamins and minerals in the community, the probability of infection in the elderly was 30% lower than that of the control group, and the probability of absenteeism due to infection in adults was 36% lower than that of the control group. ● Lower C-reactive protein levels Elevated C-reactive protein is strongly linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A randomized controlled study at the Cooper Research Center in the United States showed that after six months of multivitamin and mineral supplementation, serum C-reactive protein decreased by 0.91 mg/l compared with the control group.
The “Nurses’ Health Study” conducted by Harvard Medical School in the United States showed that the risk of colon cancer in the population was reduced by 75% within 15 years of taking multiple vitamins and minerals. The Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Project, conducted by the Karolinska Institute of Medicine in Sweden, showed that compared with respondents who did not take dietary supplements, participants who took dietary supplements had a lower risk of heart attack, which was reduced by 21% in men and 34% in women. To sum up, getting adequate micronutrients is important at all stages of life. Dr. Bruce Eames recommends that people take multivitamin and mineral supplements along with a healthy diet to ensure they are getting adequate micronutrients.
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