Multivitamins are recommended for their efficacy
What is a conforming vitamin?
As of now, there is no evidence to recommend multivitamins for all people, but some groups may be deficient in certain nutrients due to physiological conditions or changes in diet, so appropriate supplementation can bring benefits.
The elderly: At this stage, the digestion and absorption capacity will gradually weaken, especially vitamin D, calcium and vitamin B12 deficiencies are most common.
Vegetarians: Certain nutrients are found primarily in animal foods, and vegetarians are most likely to be deficient in vitamin B12, calcium, zinc, iron, and vitamin D.
Pregnancy or lactation: This stage requires A lot of nutrients to support the growth of new life, but also to avoid the harm caused by excessive nutrients (such as folic acid and vitamin A excess may have negative effects on the fetus)
Multivitamins are a variety of nutrients, containing at least 13 vitamins and 16 minerals essential for maintaining health. These nutrients are required for the body’s myriad enzyme reactions, or as hormones, signaling molecules, or structural elements used to grow, maintain, or regulate physiological responses
What are the recommended example effects of multivitamins
Beneficial for osteoporotic hip fractures
Osteoporotic hip fractures are fractures of the proximal femur that often occur after a fall in older adults with osteoporosis (affecting 18% of women and 6% of men worldwide).
Hip fractures pose a significant social and personal financial burden. While hip fractures account for only 14% of all fragility fractures, these injuries take a huge toll, estimated at up to $15 billion per year.
After a hip fracture, the risk of death from other causes is increased by 5 to 8 times, and the cumulative mortality rate one year after the fracture is between 20% and 40%, higher in men than in women, and only 30% to 40% of patients regain functional status.
A systematic review and meta-analysis (8 observational studies with 80,148 participants) found that multivitamin use was significantly associated with a lower risk of osteoporotic hip fracture.
Beneficial cardiovascular disease
Vascular disease remains the largest cause of death worldwide, and despite significant declines in mortality over the past few decades, cardiovascular disease still accounts for 48% of all deaths (38% for men and 54% for women).
Age, sex, family history, and ethnicity are all major cardiovascular risk factors that, although not available for direct therapeutic intervention, are still important for risk stratification and have implications for drug efficacy and adherence.
A systematic review and Meta-Analysis (18 clinical trials and prospective cohort studies with 2019,862 participants) found that, overall, multivitamin/mineral supplementation was not associated with cardiovascular disease mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, stroke mortality, or stroke incidence.
In addition, subgroup analysis (disaggregated by mean follow-up time, mean age, duration of use, sex, population type, exclusion of patients with a history of coronary heart disease, diet adjustment, smoking adjustment, physical activity adjustment, and study site) also showed that, There was no association between multivitamin supplementation and mortality from cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease.
Reduce autism incidence
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is widely believed to be a multifactorial disorder caused by the interaction of genetic and non-genetic risk factors, with a prevalence of about 1% to 2%, and the number of men is two to three times that of women.
People with autism are usually noticed by age 3 with a lack of social, verbal, and non-verbal communication, unique social behaviors that include: reduced eye contact/facial expressions and body movements, poor emotional control or difficulty understanding the emotions of others, and a significantly limited range of activities and interests, non-specific symptoms such as: Mental retardation, emotional apathy, hyperactivity, aggression, self-harm, and repetitive behaviors such as rocking or clapping.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of five observational studies with a total of 231,163 child participants showed that mothers who took multivitamins before birth were significantly less likely to have children with autism spectrum disorders than mothers who did not take multivitamins before birth.
Multivitamins are beneficial for blood pressure regulation
Blood pressure refers to the blood pressure measured within the large arteries of the systemic circulation, this number is divided into systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and is traditionally measured using a mercury tube sphygmomanometer in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Systolic blood pressure refers to the maximum pressure in the major arteries when the heart muscle contracts to push blood through the body. Diastolic blood pressure refers to the minimum pressure in the major arteries of the heart muscle when it diastates between beats, and it is necessary to keep blood pressure within the normal range. Blood pressure between 140/80 mmHg and 159/99 mmHg is classified as stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension is classified as blood pressure between 160/100 mmHg and 179/109 mmHg.
A Meta-Analysis of the literature (12 randomized controlled trials with 23,207 participants) showed that multivitamin and multimineral supplementation reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
Subgroup analysis showed that the blood pressure reduction effect of multivitamin and multimineral supplementation was significant only in patients with chronic disease or hypertension and had no effect in healthy patients, with WMD (weighted mean difference) of -6.29 mmHg and -2.32 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with chronic disease.
Beneficial cognitive function
Improving cognitive function and slowing cognitive degradation has become one of the most interesting topics in human society, because having a good memory, attention, creativity and intelligence is what everyone wants, and is a key factor towards success and self-improvement.
A meta-analysis of the literature (10 studies with 3,200 participants) showed that multivitamin supplementation improved immediate memory recall, but had no significant benefit in other cognitive areas (such as delayed memory recall or verbal fluency).
In addition, a meta-analysis of 20 studies in children under 16 years of age indicated that supplementation of multiple micronutrients may improve fluid intelligence and academic performance.
Beneficial for macular degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration, mainly caused by the degeneration of pigment epithelial cells in the central part of the retina, is the main cause of vision loss and blindness in people over 60 years old, and the prevalence rate is as high as 35% in people over 80 years old. The main risk factors are race, gender, high blood pressure, genetics, diet and sun exposure.
A Cochrane Review of five studies with 76,756 participants found that multivitamin supplementation did not prevent or slow age-related macular degeneration.
In addition, the Cochrane Review (19 studies) indicated that in patients with age-related macular degeneration, multivitamin supplementation can slow the progression of the disease.
Incidence of breast cancer
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and mainly occurs in the inner layer of the breast tissue, or the milk lobule.
Breast cancer is associated with genetic and non-genetic factors. In addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene variants, non-genetic factors include: age of menarche, reproductive age, breastfeeding frequency, smoking, radiation exposure, oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormone use, high-fat diet, and obesity.
Multivitamin use may increase the risk of breast cancer, according to a population study of Swiss women. Note 2
However, a meta-analysis of 27 studies with 355,080 participants showed that multivitamin supplementation did not significantly increase or decrease the incidence of breast cancer, and there was no significant association between the two.
Increase resistance to pressure
People face different kinds of pressure every day, whether it is from work, family or interpersonal, and even emotional pressure.
Everyone feels pressure differently, and the way it affects us is also very different. Some people can perform well at key moments, but most people often feel afraid under pressure, and even affect their normal performance. The best way to deal with stress is to take a proactive approach to reduce their stress.
A double-blind controlled study (8 weeks of 50 men) showed that oral multivitamins helped reduce overall scores of stress, anxiety, and depression. In addition, there was an increase in alertness and daily well-being.
Another controlled study (a 4-week study of 76 women) showed that oral multivitamins improved depression, anxiety, and stress Scale (DASS) scores, with the most significant improvement in stress.
Beneficial for chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome is medically defined as unexplained persistent fatigue for more than six months, often accompanied by headaches, joint pain, gastrointestinal discomfort, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, cognitive impairment and paresthesia.
Although there are many underlying pathological mechanisms of chronic fatigue, elevated oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation are the most widely accepted.
In an observational study of 38 women of reproductive age, multivitamins improved scores on fatigue and quality-of-life questionnaires, including reduced fatigue, sleep disturbances, autonomic nervous system symptoms, headache frequency and intensity, and infections.
It also boosts levels of an antioxidant, superoxide dismutase, and may be a safe and accessible adjuvant therapy option.
Reduces the risk of cataracts
Cataracts are currently the leading cause of vision loss and vision loss, and are the most expensive of all eye diseases (accounting for about 60% of total eye disease-related expenditures).
Cataract-related risk factors include smoking, diabetes, sun exposure, body mass index, drug use, and estrogen replacement therapy.
It is estimated that more than 20 million people in the United States alone have cataracts, and that number will grow to 30 million by 2030.
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 studies, multivitamin use was associated with a lower risk of age-related cataract, particularly among older and older users.
reference
1. Multivitamins and risk of fragility hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2. Association of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
3. Maternal multivitamin supplementation is associated with a reduced risk of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
4. Effects of Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials
5, Acute mood but not cognitive improvements following administration of a single multivitamin and mineral supplement in healthy women aged 50 and above: a randomised controlled trial
6. Multivitamin mineral supplementation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
7. Cancer-associated with malnutrition
8. Risk factors associated with incident cataracts and cataract surgery in the Age Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). AREDS Report Number 32
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